Chailease 2011 Securitization Special Purpose Trust
NT$ 5,000,229,118
Trust Beneficiary Certificates
Primary
Credit Analyst: |
Joe
Lin; (886) 2 8722-5856
joe_lin@taiwanratings.com.tw |
Secondary
Contact: |
Aaron
Lei; (886) 2 8722-5852; aaron_lei@taiwanratings.com.tw |
This report does
not constitute a recommendation to buy, hold, or sell securities. Subsequent
information may result in rating changes.
Ratings
Details |
Class
|
Rating
|
Amount
(NT$)
|
Coupon
rate (%)
|
Credit
enhancement
|
Legal
final maturity
|
Class
A
|
twAAA
(sf)
|
3,830,000,000
|
2.20
|
23.40%
|
2018/11/24
|
Class
B
|
twA
(sf)
|
324,000,000
|
3.00
|
16.92%
|
2018/11/24
|
Class
C
|
Unrated
|
846,229,118
|
|
|
|
Profile
|
Issuer: |
Land
Bank of Taiwan (twAA/Stable/twA-1+) as trustee for Chailease 2011
Securitization Special Purpose Trust (the SPT) |
Cut-off
Date: |
Oct.
31, 2011 |
Expected
Closing Date: |
Nov.
24, 2011 |
Expected
Maturity Date: |
Nov.
24, 2016 |
Legal
Final Maturity Date: |
Nov.
24, 2018 |
Seller/Originator/Servicer: |
Chailease
Finance Co. Ltd. (twA/Stable/twA-2) |
Trustee/Back-up
Servicer/Account Bank: |
Land
Bank of Taiwan |
Arranger: |
Chinatrust
Commercial Bank (twAA/Stable/twA-1+) |
Issue: |
NT$5,000,229,118
trust beneficiary certificates due 2018 |
Rationale
Taiwan Ratings Corp. (TRC) today assigned its 'twAAA (sf)' and 'twA (sf)'
ratings to the Class A and Class B trust beneficiary certificates (together
the notes) issued through Chailease 2011 Securitization Special Purpose
Trust. The certificates will be backed by a pool of Taiwan dollar (NT$)
denominated lease and installment receivables (receivables) originated
by Chailease. The ratings assigned to the notes reflect our opinions of:
- The credit quality
of underlying receivables observed from the originator's historical
performance and Eligibility Criteria of Receivables stipulated in the
transaction documents;
- The underwriting
policy of the originator;
- The liquidity reserve
set aside at closing to mitigate servicer/trustee transition risk and
to cover the shortfall of senior fees/expenses and notes interest payments,
if any;
- The embedded amortization
triggers that will accelerate the repayment of rated notes on a sequential
basis if the performance of underlying receivables deteriorates to certain
levels;
- The size of the
cash reserve for interest on margin principal to cover any shortfall
on interest to be paid to an obligor on its margin principal;
- The payment structure
that provides timely rated interests payment every month and ultimate
principal payments to rated notes by the legal final maturity date;
- The rating requirement
on the account bank and eligible investment in transaction documents;
and
- The legal framework
of the transaction and provisions under related Taiwan laws.
Strengths,
Concerns, And Mitigating Factors
Strengths:
- The asset pool
comprises receivables with clean payment records and a certain level
of creditworthiness under Chailease's internal scoring system.
- Chailease is an
experienced servicer, in our opinion, and has been in the lease/installment
industry for more than three decades.
Concerns And Mitigating
Factors:
- The credit quality
of the underlying receivables may be adversely affected by new receivables
transferred from the originator during the revolving period. In consideration
of this, the transaction has the predetermined Eligibility Criteria
of Receivables stipulated in the transaction documents, which aim to
keep the pool's credit quality from deteriorating immediately. In addition,
the deterioration of underlying receivables could result in a breach
of the amortization triggers, which in turn will effectively shut off
investing in new receivables, and all collection from the receivables
would be used to repay rated notes on a sequential basis.
- Non-standard features
of collaterals and funding targets as well as complex legal issues on
collaterals transfer may result in uncertainty in the recovery periods
and recovery levels of defaulted receivables in the longer term. Our
rating analysis excludes the potential recoveries for receivables that
are over 90 days in arrears.
- The underlying
pool may be concentrated on certain industries or certain groups, raising
its vulnerability to event risk or industry deterioration risk. This
risk is reflected in the credit loss and stress multiple under respective
rating scenarios.
- There could be
a payment mismatch between the asset side and liability side of the
SPT, as the underlying pool allows up to 20% of the receivables not
to be paid on a monthly basis but the payment frequency on the rated
notes is monthly. The potential payment mismatch is mitigated by the
relatively high yields of underlying receivables, principal collections
to meet expense and interest payment mechanism, as well as the liquidity
reserve coverage.
- Commingling risk
will arise if the servicer fails to remit any payments received from
obligors to the SPT. However, we believe this transaction largely prevents
the occurrence of commingling risk because the obligors will commit
their debt service through issuing a set of post-dated checks when the
lease/installment receivables are originated. The post-dated check will
be transferred to the SPT along with the transfer of receivables. If
the servicer receives the payment or recovery amount from an obligor
and fails to transfer such amounts to the SPT up to a certain level,
this would constitute an amortization trigger, which the credit enhancement
evaluation considers.
Transaction Structure
This is the third asset-backed securitization transaction collateralized
by lease/installment receivables that Chailease has originated. At closing,
the originator will transfer assets, composed of lease and installments
receivables along with their related legal rights and interests valued
as of the cut-off date at an amount of NT$ 5.00 billion to the SPT. At
the same time the SPT will issue three classes of trust certificates to
fund the transfer. TRC will assign ratings on Class A and Class B certificates,
while Class C will be unrated and represents the residual value of the
transaction.
The transaction has
a revolving period up to three years after the closing, followed by an
amortization period of about two years. During the revolving period, principal
repayments from the receivables will be used to purchase additional eligible
lease and installment receivables every month. Upon the occurrence of
any early amortization triggers or after the scheduled end of the revolving
period (whichever happens earlier), repayments from the receivables will
be used to redeem issued notes on a sequential basis. The early amortization
triggers include some general performance measures such as cumulative
default rate, delinquency ratio, excess spread ratio, and performance
of the servicer and trustee, according to the transaction documents.
The Seller/Originator/Servicer
Chailease, the seller, originator and servicer in this transaction, was
established in 1977. It provides lease, installment, factoring financing
and other financial services mainly to small-to-midsize companies, and
has been the largest leasing company in terms of asset size in Taiwan
for many years. The company reported total assets of NT$ 40.24 billion
as of Dec. 31, 2010. In 2010, Chailease held about 40.6% of Taiwan's lease
and installment financing sectors in terms of contract amount in 2010.
As the servicer in
this transaction, Chailease is responsible for the day-to-day administration
and ongoing servicing of the lease/installment receivables and for producing
all reports and calculations in connection with the performance of the
receivables.
Subject Of Funding
And Collaterals On The Receivables
The receivables consist of payment commitments made by obligors in relation
to lease/installment contracts, based on the underlying funding targets
as equipment, machinery, and raw materials that Chailease helps fund.
To be more specific, lease receivables are generally backed by equipment
or machinery, while installments receivables are collateralized by raw
materials or inventories. A lease/installment contract will govern the
payment on a monthly basis or other payment terms as agreed between an
obligor and Chailease.
All obligors have
to make the scheduled payment in the form of post-dated checks and are
required to issue a set of post-dated checks for the life of the receivable
to Chailease when entering into the contract. All the post-dated checks
will be transferred to the SPT under the title of the trust and will be
collected when due. For certain receivables, obligors may be requested
to provide additional collaterals to provide more protection to the creditor.
In these cases, collaterals may constitute several forms including but
not limited to margin principal, real estate, and chattel, which will
be transferred to the SPT.
In addition to the
payments made under the receivable contract, the SPT is also entitled
to receive money from prepayments and proceeds from the disposal of the
underlying funding targets as well as collaterals.
The receivables transferred
to the SPT must comply with the Eligibility Criteria of Receivables, including
but not limited to specific payment frequency, minimum-required yield,
weighted average remaining tenor, and highest concentration of obligors,
stipulated in the transaction documents. If a receivable does not comply
with the criteria but is transferred due to administrative errors, the
originator has the obligation to buy it back from the SPT.
Terms And Conditions
Of The Notes
Interest Payment
The rated notes will be issued at par at closing and carry fixed-rate
coupons payable every month in arrears.
The interest payments
of notes are supported by the money in the interest collection account
after related tax items, senior fees and expenses are satisfied or considered.
According to the transaction documents, the interest collection is composed
of interest payments from underlying receivables, and interests received
from eligible investment of the idle cash of the SPT. The principal collection
and liquidity reserve are available to cover any shortage of rated interest
payments when due.
Principal Payment
During the revolving period, the trustee will use the principal collection
from receivables to purchase new eligible receivable from Chailease and
no principal payment will be made to the note holders. During the amortization
period, the transaction employs a pass-through arrangement with principal
collection from the underlying receivables being used to repay the rated
principal every month on a sequential basis. The legal final maturity
for principal repayment in this transaction is Nov. 24, 2018.
Credit And Cash
Flow Analysis
Credit Risk Analysis
TRC uses the actuarial approach in analyzing the credit risk of this transaction.
To this end, we conducted a review of historical performances of lease
and installment receivables from Chailease, met with the originator to
understand the credit policies and underwriting process, and considered
the related structure risk in the transaction arrangement to form our
view of the credit risk.
We analyzed historical
performance data to gauge the general default and delinquency trend, with
consideration of changes in the macroeconomic environment as well as any
adjustment of underwriting polices. Our results show that the performance
of lease receivables is more volatile than that of installment receivables,
and we have factored this into our decision of the pool base-case default
rate. We then employed the early-period recovery of receivables in delinquency
and respective stress multiples for rating scenarios for the loss assumption
in each different class of notes. In addition, we considered the embedded
triggers that will lead the transaction into the amortization period from
the revolving period and the commingling risk in the analysis.
Cash Flow Analysis
We conducted cash flow analysis based on the credit risk evaluation result
and transaction structure. The cash flow analysis evaluates the likelihood
of timely payment of rated interest, and the repayment of rated principal
by the legal final maturity.
For cash inflow analysis,
we consider the payments from the obligors by assumed loss ratios under
the respective rating scenarios. To evaluate whether the transaction has
sufficient cash flows to satisfy the rated interest obligations, we assume
the underlying receivables to provide an annual yield of 4%, which is
the minimum yield requirement of Eligibility Criteria of Receivables.
For cash outflow analysis,
transaction tax, fees and expenses are sized at the values according to
the tax opinion, transaction documents, and general practices. We also
assume some fees and expense items to be the capped amount based on the
transaction documents.
Structural Analysis
Servicer/Trustee Transition
The originator will set aside an amount as a liquidity reserve at closing
to mitigate the liquidity risk upon a servicer or trustee transition event,
if any. The purpose of this reserve is mainly for the coverage of expenses
and interest payments during the servicer or trustee transition period,
but it also can be used for the same items in the interest waterfall during
ordinary periods.
Liquidity Risk
There may be a payment mismatch on the asset side and liability side of
the SPT as the pool allows up to 20% of the receivables not to be paid
on a monthly basis but the payment frequency on the rated notes is monthly.
However, the liquidity risk is manageable in our viewpoint given the following.
- Monthly interest
payment from the receivables, with an annual yield of at least 4%, should
be able to cover the possible expenses in the payment dates. As for
annual expenses items, such as the Gretai Securities Market listing
fee, the monthly share will be reserved in the paid-in advance ledger
in the interest collection account upon each scheduled payment. As a
result, it is unlikely that theses expenses can not be satisfied during
the collection period.
- Monthly principal
payment from the receivables can also be used to cover the interest
waterfall shortfall up to the interest of Class B if there is insufficient
interest inflow.
- At closing, the
transaction will set aside a liquidity reserve to cover the expenses
and interest payments if needed.
- Once the amortization
period kicks in, an additional reserve amount will be set aside based
on predetermined formulas to prevent lower inflow (due to gradually
amortized underlying receivables) failing to meet the fixed amount of
senior fees/expenses. These additional reserved amounts will be assessed
based on the duration between the maturity of last matured underlying
receivables then and the beginning date of the amortization period.
Interest Rate Risk
The interest rate risk is remote in this transaction as the interest rates
in the asset side and liability side are both fixed rates.
Currency Risk
There is no currency risk in this deal as the payment of interest and
principal of both asset and liability side of the SPT are denominated
in NT$.
Commingling Risk
When a receivable is initially extended to an obligor, it will issue a
set of post-dated checks to cover all payments during the life of the
receivable. The trust will be entitled to these checks after the receivable
is transferred to the SPT, and the checks will be sent out for collection
from the trust account when due.
In some exceptional
cases, the servicer may still receive receivables payments from the obligors.
Transaction documents require the servicer to remit the proceeds such
received to the respective trust accounts within three business day. Considering
that the servicer may not be able to remit the proceeds to the respective
trust accounts on time for some reasons, the credit enhancement level
are assessed to mitigate such commingling risk caused by the delay of
remittance of proceeds to the trust.
Set-off Risk
The set-off risk is remote as the originator is a leasing company without
taking any deposits.
Prepayment Risk
The prepayment risk is remote as the prepayment rate of underlying receivables
is low primarily due to the relatively high penalty to close out the receivables
contract earlier than scheduled.
During the revolving
period, the principal repayment from the receivables, no matter the scheduled
ones or prepayments, will be used to purchase new receivables that generate
interest collections. In order to avoid that too much idle funds in the
trust (when there are less eligible receivables to acquire) brings in
negative carry concern, the pool will enter into the amortization period
if the three-month moving average of excess spread is lower than the specific
figure stipulated in the transaction documents. During the amortization
period, the principal repayment from the receivables is distributed to
pay down the rated liabilities on a sequential basis every month. Such
high payment frequency could also diminish the negative carry risk.
The Reserve Of
Margin Principal
When Chailease extends credits to obligors, they may be required to deposit
margin amounts to Chailease as the further payment protection on the receivables.
If the obligors comply with the receivable contracts and make all scheduled
payments on time, Chailease has to return the margin principals to the
obligors, together with interests as agreed between obligors and Chailease,
when the receivables mature.
When receivables are
transferred to the SPT, the respective margin principals will also be
entrusted to the SPT. The trustee will then follow the transaction documents
to put the margin principals into consecutive bank time deposits, so that
the SPT can have sufficient deposit interest for the interest obligations
on the aforementioned margin principals when receivables are fully repaid.
In addition, the transaction
also sets aside some reserves to mitigate potential shortfalls if the
deposit interest is insufficient to cover the agreed interest obligations
on the margin principals. If there is still a shortfall in the agreed
interest obligations after exhausting these reserves, the shortage can
be covered by the interest waterfall ranked junior to the rated interests.
Counterparty Analysis
The counterparty risk in this transaction includes the reliance on the
account bank, Land Bank of Taiwan, for cash holding and distribution,
and the performance of eligible investments in which the trustee places
unused cash. The current ratings of Land Bank of Taiwan, conditioned on
the replacement arrangement upon the account bank's rating downgrade and
the required rating levels for eligible investments, can support a 'twAAA
(sf)' rated deal.
Legal And Tax Analysis
The transaction is structured in accordance with the Financial Asset Securitization
Law of Taiwan, which provides for the establishment of the SPT, the legally
perfected transfer of assets from the originator to the SPT and the protection
from other creditors' and third parties' claims.
Prior to assigning
the final ratings, Taiwan Ratings has received related legal and tax opinions.
Surveillance
After the closing date, continuous surveillance will be maintained on
the transaction until all rated beneficial certificates have been fully
redeemed. The credit quality of lease/installment receivables as well
as all supporting ratings will be monitored to make sure that the ratings
on the certificates reflect the credit risk of the notes.
Standard &
Poor's 17g-7 Disclosure Report
SEC Rule 17g-7 requires an NRSRO, for any report accompanying a credit
rating relating to an asset-backed security as defined in the Rule, to
include a description of the representations, warranties and enforcement
mechanisms available to investors and a description of how they differ
from the representations, warranties and enforcement mechanisms in issuances
of similar securities. Taiwan Ratings Corp., as a rating affiliate of
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services under its annual NRSRO filing,
will also comply with the Rule for its rating analysis on all structured
finance transactions.
The Standard &
Poor's 17g-7 Disclosure Report included in this credit rating report is
available at http://standardandpoorsdisclosure-17g7.com/1111203.pdf.
Related Criteria
And Research
- Principles
Of Credit Ratings, published on www.standardandpoors.com on Feb.
16, 2011
- Counterparty
And Supporting Obligations Methodology And Assumption, published
on www.standardandpoors.com on Dec. 6, 2010
- Media
Release: Taiwan Ratings Corp. To Apply Identifier To Structured Finance
Ratings From Aug. 23, 2010, published on www.taiwanratings.com/en
on Aug. 23, 2010
- Taiwan
Ratings' Ratings Definitions, published on www.taiwanratings.com/en
on Aug. 6, 2010
- Understanding
TRC Rating Definitions, published on www.taiwanratings.com/en on
Aug. 6, 2010
- Methodology
And Assumptions: Update To The Criteria For Rating European SME Securitizations,
published on www.standardandpoors.com on Jan. 6, 2009
- Servicer
Evaluation Criteria: Australia and New Zealand, published on www.standardandpoors.com
on Aug. 7, 2008
- Equipment
Leasing Criteria: Credit Risks Evaluated In Lease-Backed Securitizations,
published on www.standardandpoors.com on Sept. 1, 2004
(Access to www.standardandpoors.com
requires a registered account)
|