Report:
Jih Sun Securities Co. Ltd. 2007-1 Collateralized Bond Obligation Special Purpose Trust
Primary
Analyst: |
Aaron
Lei; (886) 2 8722 5852
aaron_lei@taiwanratings.com.tw |
Secondary
Analyst: |
Andrea Lin; (886) 2 8722 5853
andrea_lin@taiwanratings.com.tw |
This report does
not constitute a recommendation to buy, hold, or sell securities. Subsequent
information may result in rating changes.
RATING
DETAILS
Class
|
Rating
|
Amount
(mil. NT$)
|
Legal
Final Maturity
|
B
|
twAAA
|
2,941,307,578
|
July
11, 2014
|
Profile
Issue: Jih
Sun Securities Co. Ltd. 2007-1 Collateralized Bond Obligation Special
Purpose Trust NT$10,137,333,300 Beneficial Certificates
Issuer: First
Commercial Bank Ltd. (twAA-/Stable/twA-1+) as Trustee for Jih Sun Securities
Co. Ltd. 2007-1 Collateralized Bond Obligation Special Purpose Trust (the
SPT)
Collateral:
New Taiwan Dollar (NT$) denominated corporate bonds (NT$ Bonds) and USD
denominated credit linked notes (USD Notes)
Closing date:
July 10, 2007
Seller/Originator:
Jih Sun Securities Co. Ltd.
Trustee/Servicer:
First Commercial Bank Ltd.
Hedge Counterparty:
Deutsche Bank AG (rated A+/Stable/A-1 by Standard & Poor・s Ratings
Services), Taipei Branch (Deutsche Bank Taipei) for the swaps; Deutsche
Bank AG, London Branch, Deutsche Bank AG, Hong Kong Branch, and Deutsche
Bank Taipei (together the :USD Notes Buyers;) for USD Notes purchase
Rationale
Taiwan Ratings Corp.
today assigned its 'twAAA' rating to the Class B certificates issued by
the SPT through the Trustee. The rating reflects the likelihood of timely
interest payment and the ultimate principal repayment by the legal final
maturity of the Class B certificates.
The rating reflects:
- The credit quality
of the NT$ Bonds and the principal repayment of the USD Notes by the
transaction・s legal final maturity;
- The adequate cash
reserve to cover transaction tax, fees/expenses and Class B interest
payments throughout the transaction life;
- The agreement
between the Trustee and the USD Notes Buyers to have the USD Notes sold
by the transaction・s legal final maturity at a price no lower than the
then-current principal amounts;
- The foreign exchange
swap (FX swap) to hedge currency risk associated with the proceeds from
the USD Notes;
- The credit quality
of the supporting parties in the transaction, including the swap counterparty,
the account bank, and the USD Notes Buyers; and
- The structural
and legal provisions of the transaction.
Strengths,
Concerns and Mitigating Factors:
Strengths:
- The FX swap transaction
adequately hedges foreign currency risk associated with the principal
payment from the USD Notes.
- The transaction
has a cash reserve to help cover taxes, senior fees/expenses, and interest
payments on rated certificates throughout the transaction life.
Concerns:
- The portfolio is
highly concentrated with a limited number of obligors.
- The interest payment
from the USD Notes is uncertain as it will come from the income notes
or equity tranches of other collateralized debt obligation (CDO) transactions
that collateralize the USD Notes.
- The USD Notes encompass
an installment mechanism whose proper execution will affect the principal
collection from the USD Notes.
- The USD Notes have
much longer maturities than the legal final maturity of the certificates.
When the Trustee liquidates the USD Notes in the market upon the certificates・
legal final maturity, there could be market value risks.
Mitigating Factors:
- We take account
of the concentration and small-pool features of the portfolio in our
rating analysis, and conduct a variety of credit risk evaluations using
the CDO Evaluator Version 5.0 model of Standard & Poor・s and other
stress-scenario tests.
- When conducting
the principal repayment and interest inflow analysis, we do not consider
any interest payment from the USD Notes unless it has been received.
- The transaction
documents clearly specify the conditions for such installments operation
and the detailed procedure for the Trustee.
- The transaction
is structured such that the USD Bonds Buyers will purchase the outstanding
USD Notes before the legal final maturity of the issued certificates,
at a price no lower than the outstanding principal amounts of the USD
Notes.
Transaction
Overview
Deal Closing
This is a NT$ denominated
collateralized bond obligation (CBO) transaction issued under Taiwan's
Financial Assets Securitization Law. The transaction adopts the true sale
structure and uses the SPT as the intermediate entity. It was closed on
10 July 2007.
At closing, the Originator
transferred 23 NT$ Bonds and 5 USD Notes to the SPT, which at the same
time issued three classes of beneficiary certificates to fund the transfer.
Class A and Class B certificates are rated and publicly issued, while
Class C certificates are unrated and represent the residual value of the
transaction. Part of the proceeds raised from investors was converted
into USD with Deutsche Bank Taipei to buy the USD Notes. The remaining
proceeds (net of the initial reserve amount) were paid to the Originator.
The diagram below outlines the transaction structure.
All three certificate
classes are NT$ denominated, and each has its specified coupon rate:
Class
|
Issuance
amount (NT$)
|
Coupon
rate (% per annum)
|
A
|
5,060,000,000
|
2.50
|
B
|
3,890,000,000
|
2.70
|
C
|
1,187,333,300
|
6.00
|
Total
|
10,137,333,300
|
|
Upon the deal closing,
the Trustee entered into several NT$ interest rate swap (IRS) transactions
and a NT$/USD FX swap transaction with Deutsche Bank Taipei. The Trustee
also has an agreement with the USD Notes Buyers to have the USD Notes
sold after 7 years, at a price no lower than then-current principal amounts
of the USD Notes.
The IRS transactions
will convert the variable coupon payment from some NT$ Bonds into fixed
interest payments, and the FX swap is used to convert the USD proceeds
from the USD Notes into NT$ primarily for the redemption of certificates.
Interest collections
(after hedge transactions) are used to satisfy transaction tax, fees/expenses,
and notes interest payment on each payment date. Principal collections
are passed through to redeem issued certificates in a sequential order.
A NT$ cash reserve
was set aside at closing in a trust account and had an initial amount
of NT$ 1,033,992,673, which would amortize according to a preset schedule.
The cash reserve could be used to cover any shortage in tax and senior
fees/expenses payment, and notes interest payment on Class A and Class
B certificates.
Current Assets
and Liabilities
Most of the NT$ Bonds
collateralizing the transaction have matured since the deal closed, and
the transaction now has two NT$ Bonds remaining. The principal amounts
on the USD Notes were also reduced after installments during the period.
The principal repayment
from NT$ Bonds and some proceeds related to USD Notes installments were
used to repay the issued certificates. Class A has been fully redeemed
and the outstanding amount of Class B has decreased to NT$2,941,307,578
as at January 15, 2010.
payments from
USD Notes
The five USD Notes
in the asset pool are credit-linked notes issued by an Irish special purpose
vehicle, Eirles Two Limited. Each of them is collateralized by one CDO
Collateral (income notes or equity tranches of some collateralized debt
obligation transactions), and one Treasury Strip Collateral (US Treasury
zero-coupon securities due in 2020 ~ 2022) that will accrue to 100% of
the USD Notes principal amount upon maturities of the US Treasury zero-coupon
securities (also the maturities of the USD Notes).
The Trustee can sell
all remaining USD Notes in the asset pools to the USD Notes Buyers about
two to three weeks before the legal final maturity of the certificates,
at a price no lower than the USD Notes' outstanding principal amount.
The USD proceeds equal to the principal amount will then be converted
into NT$ by the FX swap transaction, and deemed as principal collection
of the USD Notes.
The USD Notes pay
interest equal to the CDO Distribution Amount, which is the cash paid
in respect of distributions under the CDO Collateral of the USD Notes
and actually received by the USD Notes issuer.
Deutsche Bank Taipei
will provide firm quotations of the following items to the Trustee upon
each CDO Collateral payment.
(1) Treasury Strip
Price, which is the current market price of the Treasury Strip Collateral;
(2) Principal Amortization
Amount of the USD Notes, which is the CDO Collateral payment amount divided
by (1 minus the Percentage of Treasury Strip Price), floored at USD 100,000
and rounded down to the nearest USD 100,000;
(3) Treasury Strip
Notional Amount, which is the Treasury Strip Collateral notional amount
to be sold. This amount equals the Principal Amortization Amount in (2);
(4) NT$/USD Spot price;
and
(5) The Early Unwinding
Charges of the FX swap, which is the unwind cost for the partial termination
on the FX swap.
With the aforementioned
quotations, the Trustee can instruct to sell a notional amount of the
Treasury Strip Collateral (:installment;) equal to the Principal Amortization
Amount at the Treasury Strip Price, if the following Condition to Treasury
Strip Liquidation is met.
(1) [(Treasury Strip
Collateral sale proceeds plus CDO Distribution Amount, minus related business
tax) multiplied by NT$/USD Spot, minus Early Unwinding Charges of the
FX swap] is larger than [the Principal Amortization Amount of the USD
Notes multiplied by the NT$/USD exchange rate agreed on the FX swap],
and;
(2) The notional
amount of the USD Notes after such Treasury Strip Collateral sale is not
less than one US dollar.
The USD Notes would
be partially redeemed after such an installment, with the outstanding
principal amount reduced by the Principal Amortization Amount.
The Trustee will
divide the net NT$ proceeds from the installment and follow-on foreign
currency exchange in two parts: (1) the Principal Amortization Amount-equivalent
NT$ amount at the agreed-upon exchange rate on the FX swap and (2) all
residuals. Part (1) is defined as the principal collection from the USD
Notes per transaction documents, and Part (2) as the interest collection
from the USD Notes.
If the Trustee does
not instruct such installments, all USD Notes interest payments will be
converted into NT$ at the spot market, and classified as interest collections.
Notes
TERMS
Interest Payment
The rated certificates
were issued at par at deal closing, and carry fixed-rate coupons payable
every three months in arrears.
Certificates' interest
payments are supported by the money in the interest collection account
after related tax items and senior fees/expenses are satisfied. According
to the transaction documents, interest collection includes coupon payments
from the NT$ Bonds, interest collections from the USD Notes, amortization
of the cash reserve, and other reimbursements or payments of an interest
nature. For any shortage of certificate interest payments on payment dates,
the principal collection and cash reserve are available to be drawn.
Principal Payment
The transaction employs
a pass-through arrangement with principal collections from the NT$ Bonds
and the USD Notes being used to repay the principal of the issued certificates
on relevant payment dates. The most senior certificate class must be fully
redeemed before the next senior certificate class principal can be repaid.
The legal final maturity for principal repayment is July 11, 2014.
Hedge
arrangement
The Trustee entered
into a series of NT$ IRS transactions with Deutsche Bank Taipei to convert
the variable interest payments from some NT$ bonds into fixed interests.
IRS terms have followed the underlying NT$ Bonds payment, and most of
the IRS have terminated following the maturities of NT$ Bonds.
The Trustee will
use the FX swap with Deutsche Bank Taipei to convert the principals of
the USD Notes from their sale proceeds into NT$ one day before the certificates・
legal final maturity. By designating the final exchange amount, which
is the outstanding principal amount of the USD Notes, and a specific NT$/USD
exchange rate, the FX swap helps mitigate the foreign exchange uncertainty
for the principal collection of the USD Notes.
Upon installment
operations, the proceeds from CDO Collateral payment and the US Treasury
Strips sale will be converted into NT$ with Deutsche Bank Taipei. The
final exchange notional amount in the FX swap will be reduced by the Principal
Amortization Amount for each USD Notes installment.
Should the interest
from the USD Notes be paid without the installment operations, the payment
will be converted into NT$ in the spot market.
In a side agreement
between the Trustee and the USD Notes Buyers and Deutsche Bank Taipei,
the USD Notes Buyers have agreed to purchase the USD Notes at a price
not less than the outstanding principal amount of the USD Notes. This
arrangement will mitigate the market value risk associated with liquidating
the USD Notes by the certificates・ legal final maturity.
Collateral
Characteristics
The collateral portfolio
now consists of two NT$ Bonds, five USD Notes, and NT$95,571,000 cash
in the principal collection account. The aggregate par of the two NT$
bonds is NT$150,000,000, and the total outstanding principal amount of
the USD Notes is USD 108,679,000, equivalent to NT$2,807,178,570 at the
agreed-upon exchange rate in the FX swap agreement.
Features of the
current portfolio include:
- It is a static
portfolio and asset substitution or new asset acquisition is not allowed;
- The five USD Notes
account for 95% of the portfolio amount, calculated at the agreed-upon
exchange rate in the FX swap upon final exchange;
- The USD Notes'
maturities dates range from 2020 to 2022, and will be liquidated by
the Trustee in 2014 for notes redemption; the USD Notes Buyers, via
the commitment to purchase remaining USD Notes in 2014, thus support
95% of the underlying asset;
- One of the NT$
Bonds is a senior unsecured bond issued by a domestic corporate entity,
and the other is a subordinated financial debenture from a local bank;
- Both NT$ Bonds
have specified coupon rates, and will mature between August 2010 and
November 2010;
- Neither Taiwan
Ratings nor Standard & Poor・s maintain ratings on the five USD Notes,
but each of the Treasury Strip Collateral collateralizing the USD Notes
carry Standard & Poor・s ratings; and
- Both issuers of
the NT$ Bonds are rated by Taiwan Ratings.
Credit
AND CASH FLOW Analysis
Consideration
on the Obligors and Credit Enhancement Levels
The two NT$ Bonds
in the asset pool are straight bonds with designated maturities in 2010.
For credit risk analysis, we use their issuer・s ratings to represent the
creditworthiness of the bonds.
For USD Notes, when
conducting the credit risk and cash flow analysis, we take into account
the proceeds from USD Notes at the notional principal amount, and neglect
possible income from the USD Notes interest. These notional principal
amounts are considered at their NT$ equivalent calculated at the agreed-upon
exchange rate in the FX swap agreement.
Related obligors
in the USD Notes for the aforementioned principal repayment include the
United States sovereign and the Deutsche Bank AG, whose three branches
agree to purchase the USD Notes before certificates・ legal final maturity.
Under the Condition
to Treasury Strip Liquidation, the proceeds from selling the Treasury
Strip Collateral in the installment, together with other payments from
the USD Notes, could bring the NT$ principal collection equivalent to
the Principal Amortization Amount of the USD Notes, calculated at the
agreed-upon exchange rate in the FX swap. As a result, when US Treasury
strips are sold in this way, the sale will not change the total NT$ principal
collection the SPT is entitled to from the USD Notes, in comparison with
the amount if there were no such installments. The NT$ principal collection
received represents some prepayment of the USD Notes, and is used to pay
down CBO certificates.
The credit enhancement
to Class B certificates considered in our rating analysis is the difference
between total principal collections from the bonds (the principal amount
of the NT$ Bonds and the principal amount of the USD Notes calculated
at the exchange rate in the FX swap) and the outstanding amount of Class
B certificates. We noted the transaction has excess interest after satisfying
tax, senior fees/expense and rated interests, but we do not consider this
to be a further credit enhancement to the Class B certificates. This is
because according to the trust agreement, the excess interest will not
be used to redeem certificates except on the certificates・ legal final
maturity.
Credit Risk Analysis
We employed several
credit risk analysis approaches on the underlying portfolio with respect
to the credit enhancement level of Class B certificates. These include
Monte Carlo simulation via the Standard & Poor・s CDO Evaluator Version
5.0 model for portfolio scenario default rate analysis and small-basket
risk evaluation, as well as credit enhancement level evaluation under
stressed asset default scenarios.
The credit enhancement
level evaluation under stressed default scenarios provides insight to
the potential credit risk of Class B certificates, as the underlying pool
have four obligors only, and we see more concentration and discrete defaults
risk. In such an evaluation, Taiwan Ratings first considered the obligors・
credit quality, relative strength in their respective industries, bonds・
maturities, and their default correlation. We then evaluated whether the
credit enhancement could withstand severe defaults of the bonds with stressed
defaulting timing and very low recoveries.
Cash Flow Analysis
We conduct cash flow
analysis based on the credit risk evaluation result and transaction structure.
The cash flow analysis evaluates the possibility of timely payment of
certificates' interests, and the repayment of certificates' principal
by the legal final maturity.
In cash flow analysis,
Taiwan Ratings considers the interest payment from the NT$ bonds and the
cash reserve amount, but not the possible interest collection from the
USD Notes. To evaluate the sufficiency of transaction cash flow to satisfy
rated interest obligations, we assume stressed cash inflow scenarios such
as much reduced interest collection from the bonds and no re-investment
yields, and heavy dependency on the cash reserve for senior fees・/expenses・
and rated interests・ payment.
On cash outflow items,
transaction tax and fees/expenses are sized at the values per the tax
opinion, transaction documents, and general practices. We also assume
limited principal redemption on the certificates to evaluate the impact
of the high interest payment burden.
Taiwan Ratings found
the cash reserve, currently deposited at First Commercial Bank Ltd., is
critical in providing cash flow for the certificates' interest payment
throughout the transaction life. With the size of the reserve and its
periodical amortization to the interest collection account, it becomes
the most important source of cash inflow to cover senior fees/expense
and rated interests under stressed cash flow assumptions commensurate
with the certificates・ rating.
Structural
Analysis
Servicer Transition
The NT$ Bonds are
in bearer form and deposited in the Trustee・s safe, and the USD Notes
are deposited in Clearstream Banking, societe anonyme in the name
of the SPT. During servicer transition, cash flow from the assets could
be temporarily interrupted if there is no servicer presenting NT$ Bonds
for interest and principal payments, or managing the USD Notes clearing
and foreign currency exchange.
The liquidity risk
arising from such possible interruption is mitigated by the sufficient
cash reserve of the transaction.
Commingling
The commingling risk
in this transaction is remote as payments from the underlying bonds will
be remitted directly to the SPT's trust accounts.
Set-off
According to related
legal opinions, set-off risk will arise if the Originator has payment
obligations to the underlying bond issuers and such payment obligations
exist before the transfer of the bonds on deal closing.
Potential set-off
risk in this transaction is remote in Taiwan Ratings・ opinion, as the
Originator is not a deposit-taking institution. The current credit enhancement
to Class B also provides some protection to possible set-off obligations.
Counterparty
analysis
Account Bank
First Commercial Bank
Ltd. acts as the trust's accounts deposit bank. Its rating satisfies our
minimum rating requirement for a .twAAA・ transaction and transaction documents
have replacement languages upon the account bank・s rating downgrade below
particular levels.
IRS and FX Swap
Counterparty
The current rating
on the swap counterparty, Deutsche Bank Taipei, is sufficient to support
a .twAAA・ transaction per Taiwan Ratings' criteria. However, the swap
counterparty replacement arrangement in related hedge documents is not
in line with Taiwan Ratings・ criteria, and we thus view the credit quality
of the swaps to essentially rely on Deutsche Bank Taipei・s performance.
With this viewpoint and considering the importance of the swap transactions
for Class B certificates payment, our rating on Class B certificates will
be linked to Deutsche Bank Taipei・s creditworthiness.
USD Notes Buyers
If the USD Notes Buyers
fail to purchase the USD Notes by the certificates・ legal final maturity,
the Trustee will need to liquidate the USD Notes at market prices. In
Taiwan Rating・s perspective, such a market price will most likely be lower
than the USD Notes・ principal amount, and therefore hurt the principal
redemption of Class B certificates. It is our opinion that the purchase
commitment on the remaining USD Notes before Class B・s legal final maturity
is instrumental in supporting the rating on Class B certificates.
The current rating
on USD Note Buyers can support a .twAAA・ transaction under the arrangement.
Due to the critical nature of such commitment and the difficulty to find
new replacements for the role, the transaction rating will largely relate
to the ratings on the USD Notes Buyers.
Legal
analysis
The entrustment and separation of the bonds backing the
issued certificates are structured on the Financial Assets Securitization
Law and related regulations of the Republic of China.
Taiwan Ratings have
reviewed related legal opinions on the transaction, hedge documents, and
USD Notes issuance. These opinions addressed issues such as legal formality
of the securitization, the true sale of the bonds to the SPT, the effectiveness
and enforceability of related documents under respective jurisdictions,
and tax treatment related to the USD Notes.
Tax Analysis
The Trustee provided
a tax treatment opinion from a local accounting firm, addressing tax issues
related to the SPT. We also consulted with the Trustee and reviewed relevant
tax legislation and rulings for the tax obligations of the SPT.
According to the
tax treatment opinion, the taxation basis for interest payments from the
USD Notes and whether the installment/sale of the USD Notes is subject
to business tax remain unclear. To tackle this, the transaction has set
aside a USD tax reserve for the potential obligations.
Related
Research
- :Update To Global
Methodologies And Assumptions For Corporate Cash Flow And Synthetic
CDOs,; published on www.globalcreditportal.com on Sept. 17, 2009
- :Principles-Based
Rating Methodology For Global Structured Finance Securities,; published
on www.globalcreditportal.com on May 29, 2007
- :Update To General
Cash Flow Analytics Criteria For CDO Securitizations," published
on www.globalcreditportal.com on Oct. 17, 2006
- :General Cash
Flow Analytics for CDO Securitizations," published on www.globalcreditportal.com
on Aug. 25, 2004
|